Introduction to Nouns (परिचय: संज्ञा) {day 3}
English:
Nouns are the words that name a person, place, thing, idea, or feeling. They are one of the most basic parts of speech in English.
Hindi:
संज्ञा वे शब्द हैं जो किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु, विचार या भावना का नाम बताते हैं। ये अंग्रेजी भाषा के सबसे बुनियादी भागों में से एक हैं।
Types of Nouns (संज्ञा के प्रकार)
- Proper Noun (व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा)
- English: Names of specific people, places, or organizations.
Examples: John, India, Taj Mahal - Hindi: किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, स्थान, या संगठन के नाम।
उदाहरण: राम, भारत, कुतुब मीनार
- English: Names of specific people, places, or organizations.
- Common Noun (जातिवाचक संज्ञा)
- English: General names for a group or category of people, places, or things.
Examples: city, boy, book - Hindi: किसी वर्ग या श्रेणी के नाम।
उदाहरण: शहर, लड़का, किताब
- English: General names for a group or category of people, places, or things.
- Collective Noun (समूहवाचक संज्ञा)
- English: Words used to describe a group of things or people.
Examples: team, flock, jury - Hindi: समूह का वर्णन करने वाले शब्द।
उदाहरण: टीम, झुंड, सभा
- English: Words used to describe a group of things or people.
- Abstract Noun (भाववाचक संज्ञा)
- English: Names of feelings, qualities, or ideas that you cannot see or touch.
Examples: happiness, bravery, freedom - Hindi: भावनाओं, गुणों, या विचारों के नाम जो दिखाई या छुए नहीं जा सकते।
उदाहरण: खुशी, वीरता, स्वतंत्रता
- English: Names of feelings, qualities, or ideas that you cannot see or touch.
- Material Noun (द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा)
- English: Names of materials or substances.
Examples: gold, water, wood - Hindi: पदार्थों या द्रव्यों के नाम।
उदाहरण: सोना, पानी, लकड़ी
- English: Names of materials or substances.
Rules of Nouns (संज्ञा के नियम)
- Pluralization
- English: Most nouns become plural by adding ‘s’ or ‘es’.
Examples: cat → cats, box → boxes - Hindi: अधिकतर संज्ञाओं को बहुवचन बनाने के लिए ‘s’ या ‘es’ जोड़ते हैं।
उदाहरण: cat → cats, box → boxes
- English: Most nouns become plural by adding ‘s’ or ‘es’.
- Capitalization
- English: Proper nouns always start with a capital letter.
Example: Mount Everest - Hindi: व्यक्तिवाचक संज्ञा हमेशा बड़े अक्षर से शुरू होती है।
उदाहरण: Mount Everest
- English: Proper nouns always start with a capital letter.
Practice Exercise (अभ्यास प्रश्न)
- Identify the types of nouns in the following sentences:
- The dog is barking loudly.
- India is a beautiful country.
- A flock of birds is flying.
- Write 5 proper nouns, 5 common nouns, and 5 abstract nouns in both English and Hindi.
Summary (सारांश)
- Nouns are essential building blocks in English grammar.
- They can be classified into five types: proper, common, collective, abstract, and material nouns.
- Practice identifying and using nouns correctly in sentences.
Next Lesson (Day 4): Pronouns (सर्वनाम)
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